Wainscoting is a decorative paneling or wooden covering applied to the lower part of interior walls.

Stucco is a durable exterior finish made of cement, sand, and water, applied to walls and surfaces.

Soffit is the exposed underside of the eaves, roof overhangs, or ceiling in building construction.

A sash is a movable frame within a window that holds the glass and can be opened or closed.

A ridge vent is a type of roof vent installed along the ridge line of a roof to provide natural attic ventilation.

Rafters are sloped structural members that form the framework of a roof, supporting the roof deck and covering.

Piers are vertical supports, often cylindrical, used to bear loads and provide stability to structures.

A perimeter drain is a drainage system installed around the foundation of a building to divert water away from the structure.

A parapet is a low protective wall or railing along the edge of a roof, balcony, or elevated platform.

A mullion is a vertical or horizontal structural member that separates and supports panes of glass within a window or door.

Lath, also known as plaster lath, is a base for plaster or stucco applied to interior or exterior walls.

Jambs, also known as door jambs or window jambs, are vertical frames that surround door or window openings.

Insulation is a material used to slow down heat transfer between the interior and exterior of a building.

Hip roofs, also called hipped roofs, have slopes on all four sides, with each side forming a gentle slope toward the center.

Headers, also called lintels, are horizontal beams or support structures positioned above openings like doors and windows to distribute weight.

Girders, sometimes called main beams or support beams, are horizontal load-bearing members that distribute the weight of the structure to the columns or piers below.

Gables, also called gable ends or gable walls, are the triangular portions of a building's exterior wall that enclose the space beneath a sloping roof.

Framing, also known as structural framing or framing lumber, consists of the structural components of a building's framework, including studs, joists, and beams.

Flashing, sometimes called weatherproofing or drip edges, is a protective material installed at transitions and joints to prevent water infiltration.

Firestops, also called fire-blocking materials, are construction elements designed to impede the spread of fire and smoke within a building.

Fascia, sometimes referred to as fascia board, is a horizontal trim board mounted on the exposed ends of rafters or trusses, often supporting gutters.

Drywall, also known as gypsum board or wallboard, is a panel made of gypsum plaster sandwiched between paper, used for interior walls and ceilings.

Dormers, also known as attic windows, are vertical windows that protrude from a sloping roof, providing light and space to upper floors or attics.

Dados, also known as chair rails or wainscoting, are horizontal moldings or panels installed on walls for decoration and protection.

Cove molding, also known as cove trim or cove base, is a decorative molding used at the junction of walls and floors.

Cornices, also called crown moldings or trim, are decorative moldings installed at the junction of walls and ceilings.

Coping, sometimes called capstones or coping stones, are protective covers placed on walls or parapets to prevent water penetration.

Cavity walls have two layers of bricks or blocks with an air gap, offering improved insulation and moisture control.

Cable railings use stainless steel cables for safety and aesthetics on decks and stairs.

Columns, also known as pillars or posts, provide support and add classic or elegant touches to architectural designs.

Battens, also known as board-and-batten, are strips used to cover seams in siding or roofing, enhancing weather protection.

Balusters, also known as spindles or banister posts, are vertical posts that provide safety and decoration along staircases, balconies, or railings.

A vapor barrier is a material or layer used to inhibit the passage of moisture or water vapor.

A spline is a flexible strip or cord used to secure screens or glass panes within window or door frames.

A sill is a horizontal surface at the base of a window or door frame, often sloped to shed water.

A roof deck is the structural substrate or base layer beneath roofing materials.

Rebar is a steel reinforcing bar used in concrete construction to enhance tensile strength and prevent cracking.

Pitch refers to the angle or slope of a roof, typically expressed as a ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run.

A pergola is an outdoor structure with an open roof, often with lattice or cross beams, used for shade or decoration.

A paver is a flat, often brick or stone, block used for creating walkways, patios, or driveways.

A niche is a shallow, recessed, or decorative wall alcove often used for displaying objects or artwork.

Load-bearing walls, also called bearing walls, are walls that support the weight of the structure above.

Knee walls, also called short walls, are low walls often found in attics or beneath sloping roofs.

Joists, also known as floor joists or ceiling joists, are horizontal framing members that support the structure above, such as floors or ceilings.

HVAC, which stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, refers to systems that control indoor temperature and air quality.

Hearths are the fire-resistant floors or platforms in front of fireplaces or wood-burning stoves.

Gusset plates, also known as gussets, are flat metal connectors used to strengthen joints in wood trusses or beams.

Gambrel roofs, also known as barn roofs, have a symmetrical two-slope design, with a steeper lower slope and a shallower upper slope on each side.

Friezes are horizontal bands or decorative moldings often placed between the top of a wall and the cornice or ceiling.

Foundations are the load-bearing base or structural support system of a building, transferring the building's weight to the ground.

Flanges, also known as rims or collars, are projecting rims or edges used for attachment or connection in various applications, such as pipes or structural components.

Finials, also known as spires or pinnacles, are decorative ornaments often found on rooftops, fences, or at the apex of structures.

Eaves, also called roof eaves or overhangs, are the horizontal edges of a roof that extend beyond the exterior walls of a building.

Downspouts, sometimes called drainpipes or leaders, are vertical pipes that carry rainwater from gutters to the ground or drainage systems.

Deck ledgers, sometimes called ledger boards, are horizontal framing members attached to a house's exterior to support a deck.

Crawlspaces, sometimes referred to as subfloor areas, are shallow, unfinished spaces beneath homes that provide access to plumbing, electrical, and HVAC systems.

Counterflashing, sometimes called cap flashing or counter flashing, is a protective covering used to seal joints in masonry walls and prevent water intrusion.

Corbels, also known as brackets or support brackets, are architectural elements that protrude from walls to support weight.

C-Channels, also known as U-channels or structural channels, are steel beams shaped like a "C" that provide structural support.

Cantilevers extend beyond their supports, creating overhangs or unique structures in architectural design.

Caissons, also called drilled piers or caisson foundations, are concrete-filled structures within a home's foundation, providing stability in areas with shifting soil.

Casings, also known as trim or molding, frame windows and doors, providing insulation benefits and finishing touches.

Beams, also referred to as structural beams, are horizontal supports found in ceilings, roofs, or as structural components for upper floors.

Anchor bolts, also known as foundation bolts or hold-down bolts, are sturdy metal fasteners embedded in the concrete foundation.